![]() The crests of the Penn family and of the Calvert family were put at the Mason–Dixon line to mark it. They surveyed what became known as the Mason–Dixon Line, which became the boundary between the two colonies. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, decided in 1750 to engage two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to establish a boundary. This was found to be a problem, as the northern boundary would have put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland. Tobacco was the main export crop in the colonial era it involved a great deal of hand labor, usually done by slaves, the original royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. The plan reflected a stronger relationship between church and state, and a colonial government more closely aligned with the Protestant church. The plan of Annapolis extends from two circles at the center of the city – one including the State House and the other the Anglican St. Mary's City reflected the ideals of the founders, the city plan of Annapolis reflected those in power at the turn of the 18th century. Mary's City is now an archaeological site, with a small tourist center. In 1708, the seat of government was moved to Providence, renamed Annapolis in honor of Queen Anne. Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign. The Puritan revolt lasted until 1658, when the Calvert family regained control and re-enacted the Toleration Act. Near Annapolis, his Roman Catholic army was decisively defeated by a Puritan army in the Battle of the Severn. In March 1655, the 2nd Lord Baltimore sent an army under Governor William Stone to put down this revolt. They set up a new government prohibiting both Catholicism and Anglicanism. In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. Mary's City was the seat of colonial government until 1708.īecause Anglicanism had become the official religion in Virginia, a band of Puritans in 1642 left for Maryland they founded Providence (now called Annapolis). The largest site of the original Maryland colony, St. The design of the city was a literal separation of church and state that reinforced the importance of religious freedom. Extending to the north of the mayor's home, the remaining two points of the second triangle were defined by a Catholic church and a school. Located at two points of the triangle extending to the west were the first Maryland state house and a jail. From that point, streets were laid out that created two triangles. At the center of the city was the home of the mayor of St. Mary's City, to reflect their world view. The founders designed the city plan of the colonial capital, St. Such punishment persisted until the Revolutionary War. ![]() Maryland was also one of the key destinations where the government sent tens of thousands of English convicts punished by sentences of transportation. Maryland soon became one of the few predominantly Catholic regions among the English colonies in North America. Calvert was forced to flee to Virginia, but he returned at the head of an armed force in 1646 and reasserted proprietarial rule. In 1644, Claiborne led an uprising of Maryland Protestants. In 1638, Calvert seized a trading post in Kent Island established by the Virginian William Claiborne. The right to initiate legislation passed to the assembly. In 1638, the Assembly forced him to govern according to the laws of England. Meeting resistance, in February 1635, he summoned a colonial assembly. Mary's, Leonard, per his brother's instructions, attempted to govern the country under feudalistic precepts. The first group of colonists consisted of 17 gentlemen and their wives, and about two hundred others, mostly indentured servants who could work off their passage.Īfter purchasing land from the Yaocomico Indians and establishing the town of St. This was the site of the first Catholic mass in the Colonies, with Father Andrew White leading the service. Clement's Island in southern Maryland, is commemorated by the state each year on that date as Maryland Day. Led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert's younger brother, the first settlers departed from Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on Novemaboard two small ships, the Ark and the Dove. The colony was named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for "Maryland Colony" was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |